Xu Shulian, Song Weizhen, Tang Cimei, Sun Changhua (Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica)
Xiang Manjun, Zhang Shuzun, Liu Shuqi, Gong Xianlin, Liu Jialiang (Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis)
Feng Beiyuan, Xu Muyu, Men Xiuwen, Zhang Chongli (Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica)
The study was carried out during 1975-1976, and the subjects were 101 patients for lung resection under acupuncture anesthesia.
Two methods were used to evaluate the emotional state from entering the operation room until the insertion of the acupuncture needle: self-observation (the patient reported what he experienced on entering the operation room and rechecked by follow up questioning) and clinical behavior observation (the patient's overt behavior of facial expression, motor activity and verbal activity, assessed by psychologist and acupuncturist through discussion). Emotional states were classified into three groups: stable, medium and tensional. The tensioanl was again divided into two classes: excitating tensional and inhibitory tensional. During observations of the patients emotional states, some accompanying psychological and physiological functions were also explored, such as pulse amplitude, respiration, G.S.R. fluctuations, the plasma 11-OHCS, time estimation etc.
The results showed: the emotional states before needle insertion, assessed by self-observation or by objective behavior observation, highly correlated with the effect of acupuncture anesthesia, and especially that assessed by the latter ment (P<0.005). The tensionals often had worse effect than the stables. Moreover, the direction of the dynamic change of the emotional states after entering the operating room was important. Patients seemed stable at the beginning and then became tensional usually had bad effects, while patients at first seemed somewhat tensional but gradually became calm often had good effects.
The emotional states were related to the following physiological and psychological functions: 1) Most of the emotional tensional had greater fluctuations in respiration and pulse amplitude when lying quietly after entering the operation room (51 Ss). 2) While inserting the acupuncture needle, the combined fluctuations of G.S.R., respiration and pulse amplitude were markedly larger for the tensionals than for the stables (P<0.001, 47Ss). 3) In patients with tensional or medium emotional states, the plasma 11-OHCS (as compared to that tested in the ward) increased more significantly than the stables (P<0.05, 47Ss). 4) All the stables completed the time estimating test more accurately on entering the operating room than that performed in the ward, while the most of the tensionals showed worse performance than in the ward (P<0.01, 32 Ss). 5) The patients that were overconcerned about acupuncture anesthesia usually were the tensionals when entering the operating room (P<0.001, 99 Ss). 6) The results of the predicting test, based upon the combined responses of G.S.R., respiration and pulse amplitude during acupuncture in the laboratory before operation, were also highly correlated with the emotional states when entering the operating room (P<0.01, 101 Ss). 7) Oversensitive patients, evaluated through the compound cutaneous sensitivity tests of touch and pain before operation, usually were the emotionally tensionals when entering the operating room (P<0.01, 87 Ss).
According to the above results, it may be considered, that the patients' emotional states when entering the operating room was closely related to the effect of acupuncture anesthesia. Observations of the correlated phenomena suggest that emotional states correspond to functional responses of several levels such as the cerebral cortex, subcortical structures and the hypothalamus-hypophysisadrenal system. The emotional states seem to be the compounded external expressions of the above functions, and they also simultaneously feedback information to the neuro-interhormone system, thus influencing the acupuncture process.
Xiang Manjun, Zhang Shuzun, Liu Shuqi, Gong Xianlin, Liu Jialiang (Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis)
Feng Beiyuan, Xu Muyu, Men Xiuwen, Zhang Chongli (Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica)
The study was carried out during 1975-1976, and the subjects were 101 patients for lung resection under acupuncture anesthesia.
Two methods were used to evaluate the emotional state from entering the operation room until the insertion of the acupuncture needle: self-observation (the patient reported what he experienced on entering the operation room and rechecked by follow up questioning) and clinical behavior observation (the patient's overt behavior of facial expression, motor activity and verbal activity, assessed by psychologist and acupuncturist through discussion). Emotional states were classified into three groups: stable, medium and tensional. The tensioanl was again divided into two classes: excitating tensional and inhibitory tensional. During observations of the patients emotional states, some accompanying psychological and physiological functions were also explored, such as pulse amplitude, respiration, G.S.R. fluctuations, the plasma 11-OHCS, time estimation etc.
The results showed: the emotional states before needle insertion, assessed by self-observation or by objective behavior observation, highly correlated with the effect of acupuncture anesthesia, and especially that assessed by the latter ment (P<0.005). The tensionals often had worse effect than the stables. Moreover, the direction of the dynamic change of the emotional states after entering the operating room was important. Patients seemed stable at the beginning and then became tensional usually had bad effects, while patients at first seemed somewhat tensional but gradually became calm often had good effects.
The emotional states were related to the following physiological and psychological functions: 1) Most of the emotional tensional had greater fluctuations in respiration and pulse amplitude when lying quietly after entering the operation room (51 Ss). 2) While inserting the acupuncture needle, the combined fluctuations of G.S.R., respiration and pulse amplitude were markedly larger for the tensionals than for the stables (P<0.001, 47Ss). 3) In patients with tensional or medium emotional states, the plasma 11-OHCS (as compared to that tested in the ward) increased more significantly than the stables (P<0.05, 47Ss). 4) All the stables completed the time estimating test more accurately on entering the operating room than that performed in the ward, while the most of the tensionals showed worse performance than in the ward (P<0.01, 32 Ss). 5) The patients that were overconcerned about acupuncture anesthesia usually were the tensionals when entering the operating room (P<0.001, 99 Ss). 6) The results of the predicting test, based upon the combined responses of G.S.R., respiration and pulse amplitude during acupuncture in the laboratory before operation, were also highly correlated with the emotional states when entering the operating room (P<0.01, 101 Ss). 7) Oversensitive patients, evaluated through the compound cutaneous sensitivity tests of touch and pain before operation, usually were the emotionally tensionals when entering the operating room (P<0.01, 87 Ss).
According to the above results, it may be considered, that the patients' emotional states when entering the operating room was closely related to the effect of acupuncture anesthesia. Observations of the correlated phenomena suggest that emotional states correspond to functional responses of several levels such as the cerebral cortex, subcortical structures and the hypothalamus-hypophysisadrenal system. The emotional states seem to be the compounded external expressions of the above functions, and they also simultaneously feedback information to the neuro-interhormone system, thus influencing the acupuncture process.
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