Chen Weichang (Neimenggu Medical College)
Xie Jianzhou (Neimenggu Electronic Institute)
The measurement of the superficial electric resistance of the points with a neurometer had been widely reported. But the experimental methods were so different and many factors would alter the conductance of the skin, thus making it difficult to compare the results of different resources. Moreover, a reference electrode must be used to construct the electric circuit for the measurement of the electric resistance, so the observed value of the resistance was the sum of the following three resistances: the detective resistance, the reference resistance, and the inner resistance which connected the first two. Efforts were made to obtain the isolated electrical resistance of a single point. For this purpose, an electrical network of resistance was suggested which consisted two kinds of electric resistances: R[i] being the superficial resistance of the i-th points, while r[ij] was an inner electric resistance connected with the i-th and j-th points. Q[ij] was the observed resistance between the i-th and j-th points and was measured with two symmetrical silver electrodes (5 mm in diameter). A group of linear equations could be deduced out of the network model: Q[12] = R[1] r[12] R[2], Q[13] = R[1] r[12] r[23] R[3], . . . . , Q[45] = R[4] r[45] R[5], etc. Substituting the observed resistance Q[ij] to the equations mentioned above, the resistances of the points R[1] could be calculated. Experiments were carried on fifty adult volunteers. Five acupuncture points of the Yangming Channel of the upper limb (Shangyang, San-jian, Hegu, Quchi and Yingxiang) were chosen for the tested points. An alternating current Wheatstone bridge of 592A type were applied for the determination. Results were as follows.
(1) Duplication tests showed that this method was quite stable with good reproducible results. The experimental error of measurement was about 4%.
(2) When the pressure applied to the electrode from 5 grams increased to 500 grams, the observed resistance remained unchanged. It was concluded that the pressure on the electrode had no significant influence on the experimental results.
(3) The polarized effect of the electrode was eliminated by using a bridge of alternating current and the electric current through the human body was so small that the experimental results kept invariant and was indifferent to the experimental period.
(4) The cleanness and the humidity of the skin were the chief factors which greatly influenced the superficial resistance of the point. In order to keep the experimental condition constant, the skin was cleaned with alchohol and wetted with normal saline before determination.
(5) The variance of the resistance among the individuals was very significant and was beyond the scope of the experimental error. In the same individual, the resistance of the same point on the two upper limbs might exhibit some difference but never greater than 2 to 3 times.
(6) The resistance of the five points were: Shangyang, L. 176.0±116.8k (kiloohms), R. 209.0±142.1k, Sanjian, L. 133.9±76.2k, R. 140.6±82.8k, Hegu, L. 147.0±81.9k, R. 132.0±84.3k, Quchi, L. 104.0±72.2k, R. 100.0±57.7k, Yingxiang, L. 24.8±19.1k, R. 26.0±22.9k.
(7) Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between the resistances of the same points on the both upper limbs. On the other hand, the resistances on the different points were not equiavalent, the electric resistance of the Yingxiang, the terminal point of the Yangming Channel, was the lowest, in Quchi, the resistance was a little higher, while in the Sanjian and Hegu resistances was still higher, and the resistance of the Shangyang was the highest. The proportions of electric resistance among the five points were: Shangyang: Sanjian : Hegu : Quchi : Yingxiang = 7.72 : 5.48 : 5.56 : 4.1 : 1. The pattern of the resistance distribution along the Yangming Channel seemed to correspond with the description of the flux of the channels in the traditional Chinese medicine. According to the principle of channels, the point of Shangyang was considered as a source point of the Yangming Channel, Sanjian seemed to be a pool, the point of Hegu was the passing point, while Quchi was the sink of the Yangming Channel of Hand. The point of Yingxiang was the termination of this Channel. But the actual meaning of this theory has to await for further investigation.
(8) The calculation results also indicated that the inner resistance r[ij] was very small, for example, the inner resistance from Hegu to Quchi was about 0.02k (L) to 1.82k (R), these values were far lesser than the accuracy of the measuring instrument. It seemed to be necessary to develop another new method for the determination of the inner resistance.
Xie Jianzhou (Neimenggu Electronic Institute)
The measurement of the superficial electric resistance of the points with a neurometer had been widely reported. But the experimental methods were so different and many factors would alter the conductance of the skin, thus making it difficult to compare the results of different resources. Moreover, a reference electrode must be used to construct the electric circuit for the measurement of the electric resistance, so the observed value of the resistance was the sum of the following three resistances: the detective resistance, the reference resistance, and the inner resistance which connected the first two. Efforts were made to obtain the isolated electrical resistance of a single point. For this purpose, an electrical network of resistance was suggested which consisted two kinds of electric resistances: R[i] being the superficial resistance of the i-th points, while r[ij] was an inner electric resistance connected with the i-th and j-th points. Q[ij] was the observed resistance between the i-th and j-th points and was measured with two symmetrical silver electrodes (5 mm in diameter). A group of linear equations could be deduced out of the network model: Q[12] = R[1] r[12] R[2], Q[13] = R[1] r[12] r[23] R[3], . . . . , Q[45] = R[4] r[45] R[5], etc. Substituting the observed resistance Q[ij] to the equations mentioned above, the resistances of the points R[1] could be calculated. Experiments were carried on fifty adult volunteers. Five acupuncture points of the Yangming Channel of the upper limb (Shangyang, San-jian, Hegu, Quchi and Yingxiang) were chosen for the tested points. An alternating current Wheatstone bridge of 592A type were applied for the determination. Results were as follows.
(1) Duplication tests showed that this method was quite stable with good reproducible results. The experimental error of measurement was about 4%.
(2) When the pressure applied to the electrode from 5 grams increased to 500 grams, the observed resistance remained unchanged. It was concluded that the pressure on the electrode had no significant influence on the experimental results.
(3) The polarized effect of the electrode was eliminated by using a bridge of alternating current and the electric current through the human body was so small that the experimental results kept invariant and was indifferent to the experimental period.
(4) The cleanness and the humidity of the skin were the chief factors which greatly influenced the superficial resistance of the point. In order to keep the experimental condition constant, the skin was cleaned with alchohol and wetted with normal saline before determination.
(5) The variance of the resistance among the individuals was very significant and was beyond the scope of the experimental error. In the same individual, the resistance of the same point on the two upper limbs might exhibit some difference but never greater than 2 to 3 times.
(6) The resistance of the five points were: Shangyang, L. 176.0±116.8k (kiloohms), R. 209.0±142.1k, Sanjian, L. 133.9±76.2k, R. 140.6±82.8k, Hegu, L. 147.0±81.9k, R. 132.0±84.3k, Quchi, L. 104.0±72.2k, R. 100.0±57.7k, Yingxiang, L. 24.8±19.1k, R. 26.0±22.9k.
(7) Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between the resistances of the same points on the both upper limbs. On the other hand, the resistances on the different points were not equiavalent, the electric resistance of the Yingxiang, the terminal point of the Yangming Channel, was the lowest, in Quchi, the resistance was a little higher, while in the Sanjian and Hegu resistances was still higher, and the resistance of the Shangyang was the highest. The proportions of electric resistance among the five points were: Shangyang: Sanjian : Hegu : Quchi : Yingxiang = 7.72 : 5.48 : 5.56 : 4.1 : 1. The pattern of the resistance distribution along the Yangming Channel seemed to correspond with the description of the flux of the channels in the traditional Chinese medicine. According to the principle of channels, the point of Shangyang was considered as a source point of the Yangming Channel, Sanjian seemed to be a pool, the point of Hegu was the passing point, while Quchi was the sink of the Yangming Channel of Hand. The point of Yingxiang was the termination of this Channel. But the actual meaning of this theory has to await for further investigation.
(8) The calculation results also indicated that the inner resistance r[ij] was very small, for example, the inner resistance from Hegu to Quchi was about 0.02k (L) to 1.82k (R), these values were far lesser than the accuracy of the measuring instrument. It seemed to be necessary to develop another new method for the determination of the inner resistance.
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